.50-140 Sharps - Wikipedia
638 gr (41 g) FN 1,413 ft/s (431 m/s) 2,829 ft⋅lbf (3,836 J)
that's only 30/06 power range in theory,
but a rather massive 640 grain, 50 caliber, cast bullet at only 1400 fps ,(2829 ft lbs)
certainly has a vastly different set of physical and inertial impact characteristics,
I've certainly used a 540 grain hard cast bullet at about 1900 fps to shoot through large trees (4329 ft lbs)
its certainly not rare to shoot completely though a large bison, with the large bore cartridge's
(that has no way indicates the true limit on penetration power)
yes it had a rainbow trajectory and you sure needed to know the exact range, past 100 yards to make effective hits.
btw you calculate rifle power with the following formula
bullet mass in grains times velocity/ times velocity divided by 450240=impact energy
A new to me Pedersoli Rolling Block in 50-140.
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