tips on bullet casting alloys

Grumpy

The Grumpy Grease Monkey mechanical engineer.
Staff member



my 29-3 S&W 10 5/8' revolver has a long record of dropping game with 310 grain hard cast bullets loaded over 21 grains of H110 powder


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its been my experience that proper/ consistent bullet casting, is dependent on both the consistent casting temperature, and the bullet casting alloys, used, and as most bullet casters have little or no way to ascertain the exact ratio, of those alloys if sources such as scrap range lead, wheel weights, reclaimed battery plates, plumbers lead, old sail boat ballast, or communication cable sheathing are very dependent on the caster fluxing the lead to remove impurities and adding TIN to the mix to produce consistent fully formed projectiles.
LYNOTYPE ALLOY (especially with a couple extra percent of pure tin added)is close to ideal for cast bullets but with modern computers having taken over the printing industry, its very hard to locate at a good price

The main trick with melting bullet metal alloy ,is to get the temperature right. This means that the alloy is hot enough to flow freely ,
but not too hot as to take a long time to solidify in the mold. A temperature of about 420°C maintains the alloys molten state, but the alloy must be slightly hotter to freely fill the mold without voids, or roughly 790F-about 830f should be about right for most bullet alloys.
the alloy itself, the mold size or mass and your rate of filling and emptying the bullet mold, will in some ways dictate the heat required to mold/cast correctly

bullets cast way too cool.
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the bullets pictured below are bullets cast correctly but marginally cooler than if at the ideal temperature
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bullets with a marginally frosted appearance tend to be more consistent in weight and diameter,
but this can easily be over done, like these, bullets that appear to be below , which appear to have been cast with the alloy a bit too hot
(yeah the alloy used and temperature balance is critical, experience helps a great deal
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I've found a mildly frosted appearance on the projectiles after casting rather than a shiny smooth silver sheen to produce noticeably more consistent projectile weights.
a ratio of about 95% old wheel weights and 5% pure tin, its the roughly 5% tin added to the wheel weight or other scrap lead, that makes the alloy both semi flex able, and elastic yet much harder than pure lead,, rather than brittle under hard impact, and has resulted in the best compromise in accuracy and bullet weight consistency, use of gas check bullet designs very definitely aid in increasing accuracy and reducing bore fouling.
I've also found that dropping the hot bullets into a 3/4 full 7 gallon bucket full of room temperature water helps with bullet accuracy and consistency.
the tin content must generally fall in 3%-6% range for bullets to fully fill the mold and perform well as to both accuracy and deep penetration
on larger game while still consistently expanding reliably without shattering on larger bones

I generally start a pot of bullet allow using ingots previously cast in old MUFFIN tins this results in about a 4-5 lb ingot, the lead has been repeatedly fluxed before the ingots are cast with a mix of old sawdust, and paraffin, about a 1/2 thick on a large cast iron pot that holds about 50 lbs of scrap lead, heated on an old turkey cooking furnace. and repeatedly stirred and heated to the point the alloy turns rapidly purple from heat as its stirred, and repeatedly fluxed.
these ingots are the basic lead alloy and inevitably will contain some antimony and calcium in unknown percentages
tin is added in the casting pot as required but youll generally fill the 20 lb capacity pot to about 80% of capacity then add a 1-2 lb ingot that's maybe 40% tin, made from 60%/40% plumbers solder, and then fill the pot to near full capacity with more cup cake pan ingots,
obviously this is not 100% percent precise as to the alloy ratio but with experience looking at the frosted appearance of the cast projectiles you can maintain a very consistent bullet hardness and projectile weight result.


related info


a bullet casting furnace like this is preferred,
but you can get very good results from the less expensive furnaces



owning a 5-7 quart cast iron pot to melt and flux range and scrap lead over a propane furnace helps a great deal
https://www.amazon.com/AmazonBasics...locphy=9026987&hvtargid=pla-486136981640&th=1
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a couple muffin pans to cast ingots certainly helps,
you'll occasionally see the old rusted cast iron muffin pans at yard sales dirt cheap, when you do grab them
as they are better than thin aluminum muffin pans for casting ingots

btw
placing the muffin pans on a large aluminum pan with some water in it for the muffin pans,
to make the ingots cool faster helps production rates



having a steel dipper to mix , flux and pour lead alloy into the muffin pan helps

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bags of wood chips and blocks of paraffin make cheap effective flux
frequent stirring of the hot molten allow returns the tin you want to the alloy while you skim off the crap like zinc you don't want gets trapped in the burnt wood chips you constantly skim off and discard into a large METAL PAIL
(cardboard and plastic containers are a fire hazard)
(yes fluxing must be done outside as there is always a ton of smoke during the process.)





 
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