the difference between a solid and hydraulic lifter

grumpyvette

Administrator
Staff member
ndv said:
I want to confirm visually telling the difference between a solid and hydraulic lifter.

Is it true that a hydraulic lifter will have a clip around the inside edge where the solid will not?

Thanks
NO!
A FEW, in fact most good quality solid lifters MOSTLY
as to the lifters theres a few odd ones, (like the RHOADS FAST BLEED HYDRAULICS) WHICH work well
but frequently sound like less than perfectly adjusted solid lifters
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that don,t follow these basic guide lines but probably 90% do

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btw the best deal I found lately on basic hydraulic flat tappet lifters
http://www.summitracing.com/parts/sum-ht817/overview/

btw the best deal I found lately on basic hydraulic flat tappet lifters
http://www.summitracing.com/parts/sum-ht817/overview/

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have snap ring retention clips

heres a crower solid
the better quality hydraulic and solid flat tappet lifters have hardened bases
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be aware that not all manufacturers are consistent, some lifters may have narrow or wide bands or retention clips of either design on either solid or hydraulic lifter design's ,but by far the majority go the route the pictures depict
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almost all hydraulic flat tappet lifters look like this type spring retention clip

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Youll occasionally have guys tell you that you can push down on a hydraulic lifter and it "GIVES" where a "SOLID" lifter WON,T, the problem is that the "GIVE" is in the lifter seat and only if the lifter is not up on the cam lobe where its already had the oil under the seat forced up the push rod, the HYDRAULIC lifter, push rod seat,in a hydraulic lifter is supported or floats on a seat of pressurized oil,in a running engine thats constantly being replaced, as the lifter rides over the cam lobe base circle and the resulting clearance allows the pressurized oil to re-fill the resulting void,created, once is forced out, by the push rod depressing the seat to force oil up the push rod to the rocker, in a non-running engine ,its not replaced so the seat stays depressed, the total distance the seat moves from full extended to fully depressed rarely exceeds .120, or just under 1/8 inch, look at the diagram below carefully, now think,common sbc rocker studs use a 3/8 24 thread pitch (AREA (E) IN DIAGRAM)thus at 24 threads per inch, theres roughly .041 thousandths movement in one full revolution of a rocker nut adjustment, yes theres a 1.5:1 rocker ratio, but even then your still only at .062.
and the seat will not re-seat or spring back, as theres zero oil pressure to force it back into place
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ALEX said:
Grumpy, I noticed my valve train got really noisy after I went to a test and tune nite at the track, I located the cause after careful inspection, one of the lifters had started coming apart,..what caused hydraulic lifters to come apart ?


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most all hydraulic lifters have a floating push rod seat held in by a retainer clip, and supported by hydraulic oil pressure supplied by the engine oil pump, the combination of lack of enough valve spring to keep the lifter securely on the cam lobe at high rpm, and the impact forces of the lifter if its lofted or got flipped off the cam lobe and lost contact with the cams lobe and as the valve spring pressure regains control it slams back onto the cam lobe during valve float,and/ or combined with the lack of proper pre-load on the valve adjustment can effect this, I generally suggest a minimum of a 1/4 turn past the point where the lifter stops clicking at idle, and a 1/2 turn certainly won,t hurt most engines.
(entering valve float rpm which is usually in the case of many hydraulic lifters with stock valve spring load rates in or near 5800rpm-6200rpm)allows the floating lifter push rod seat to bounce against the retainer clip, eventually this tends to break or dislodge the clip, especially the weaker spring wire clips vs the c-clip style
hydr1.jpg

read this
http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/junk-hydraulic-lifters-mystery-solved.12263/

hylifters.jpg

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watch this video, it depicts the lifters movement as the cam lobe rotates under its base forcing it up as the lobes ramp, rotates under the lifter base,removing the clearance slack,
as it compresses the valve spring and forces the trapped oil, up the push rod and lifts the valve

If you are concerned with measuring the clearance in the hydraulic lifter seat when selecting and measuring the correct valve train geometry,
so you can order the correct length push rods...
I don,t think you have the correct idea as to how hydraulic lifters work,
yes it is possible for an engine with hydraulic lifters to be pushed too operate at a high enough rpm that the time required for the lifter seat to fully depress and all the oil too be forced up to the push rod/rockers , to be so short that the lifter pumps up and the valves will have less seat time, ( sometimes one of several factors, like the lifter leaving the cam lobes surface as the inertial loads exceed the valve springs ability to maintain lifter too lobe contact, referred too or contributing to what is commonly referred too as valve float) but that has ZERO to do with selecting push rod length or proper valve train geometry, (remember at 6000 rpm the valve is lifted off its seat 50 times PER SECOND)
hydrlifth.jpg


valve seat and back face angles ,valve diameter and valve lift and duration effect the flow thru the curtain area

keep in mind that valve may be forced off its seat, too full lift and re-seating 50 plus TIMES A SECOND at near 5500 rpm, so theres very little TIME for gases to move through the very restrictive space between the valve seat and valve edge
vgd4.jpg

Calculating the valve curtain area
The following equation mathematically defines the available flow area for any given valve diameter and lift value:
Area = valve diameter x 0.98 x 3.14 x valve lift
Where 3.14 = pi (π)
For a typical 2.02-inch intake valve at .500-inch lift, it calculates as follows:
Area = 2.02 x 0.98 x 3.14 x 0.500 = 3.107 square inches

porting+valve_area.jpg


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ndv said:
Thanks GV!

With this information and the research I did online. I adjusted the pushrods to zero lash with 1/2 turn preload.

A short run with the valve covers off, clips on, it kind of sounds like a quiet typewriter (for those of us old enough to remember those :p ). But you have to get your ear down close to hear it.

With the covers on you can't hear the valves much.

If a valve is in the open position I cannot spin the pushrod.
If the valve is close I can spin them but there is no lash (no up or down movement).

Starts right up and runs smoothish. Smoothest since I've owned it, doesn't gallop or buck as much as before.


I really appreciate the tech data GV.

I'm almost there. I have this "ticking thump" in the driver's side valve train. If you get close you can hear and you can feel it in the valve cover. Only issue is it only happens when the cover is on.

I'm going to recheck the lash on the driver's side to see if something is amiss.


if it "only happens when the valve covers on"
Id strongly suspect a valve train clearance issue relating to a rocker contacting the inner surface of the valve cover, now theres a huge selection of valve cover designs and some have noticeably more internal room than others, id expect a close detailed inspection would show indications of a contact or clearance issue. it might be something cured easily with a thicker valve cover gasket or a bit of belt sander time on the offending rocker in the appropriate area to gain a couple thousands extra required clearance or you might need a different valve cover design, or a change to different rockers or your rockers and push rod guide plates might be mis-alighned, some rockers have oil separators or breather extensions that extend down between the rockers that can cause rocker clearance issues, big block rocker covers also have drip tabs that interfere with rocker movement ,a bit of logic , testing and close inspection can go a long way to finding and curing many problems

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robert said:
Ha guy i just saw this post from another forum which i thinks is the same problem i am hveing and figured id share. Sorry if im brakeing any rule for posting from another forum. A lot of motor builders agree with this post/statment.. Take some time and read it.. By the way my local machine shop has a pile of motors with blown retro roller set up's with bad needle bearings. He says you still have to open each roller lifter up and inspect them every 1000 miles or so.. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recently, I have experienced some problems with Pontiac hydraulic flat tappet lifters and I wanted to share some of my experiences with you. The major U.S. manufacturers of hydraulic flat tappet lifters are now Johnson Tappet, Hylift-Johnson, a division of Topline Inc., and Delphi. The major 'offshore' producer of lifters is currently Eaton with plants in Mexico, India, Turkey and a new plant in China. Be advised that Johnson Tappet DOES NOT make a Pontiac specific flat tappet lifter. Johnson tappet DOES make a universal, high-band lifter that will work in some Pontiacs, under part 4114, but it is NOT a Pontiac specific item. IF you are buying a 'Johnson' Pontiac lifter, it is NOT made by Johnson and is a counterfeit, or re-boxed Eaton lifter - period. This was confirmed by Johnson Tappet's Product Manager Joe Lewis. Comp's 852 is currently a Delphi lifter, according to Comp's Scooter Brothers and David Butler. This is said to be a quality lifter and is Pontiac specific in its configuration. However, Comp recently announced they are dropping Delphi as a supplier and are yet to announce their new supplier. Hylift-Johnson does make a Pontiac specific hydraulic flat tappet under Part #A-0951 and #A-0951R. Hylift-Johnson is the source for Summit and Jeg's house brand hydraulic flat tappet lifters. These seem to be a good lifter and are 100% U.S.A. made from U.SA. materials. Topline , who owns Hylift-Johnson, has recently discovered knock-off versions of their lifters in circulation, complete with counterfeit packaging and phony SKUs. Out of 30 recent returns of Jeg's lifters, none were Hylift-Johnson's and all appeared to be the result of the practice of 'rebox rotation' by consumers, substitutig stock used and 'Brand-X' lifters due to Jeg's liberal return policy. Hylift-Johnson maintains that the big lifter "problem" first began when Standadyne started using "offshore raw materials" around 2006 and thus all the failed lifter bodies were blamed on reduced Zinc levels in the oil, which wasn't the problem at all. All of this was confirmed by Topline's General Manager, David Popp, who also advised that Hylift-Johnson is the source for all of Rhoad's component parts; a fact later confirmed by Rhaod's. According to several of my industry sources, the Eaton lifters should be avoided, but it's not quite that easy and definitely not the end of the story. My problems started when I ended up with a set of 'L-951' hydraulic lifters, which turned out to be an Eaton product. Eaton makes them for Melling, Federal-Mogul, Sealed Power and Engine Tech at their plants in Mexico, India, Turkey and most recently, China. Most of these lifters carry the 'L' designation in their part number, but the same lifters are also marketed under part numbers JB-951 and HT-951. While many folks do claim good luck with the "Hecho En Mexico" Eatons, and I do not doubt that some of these lifters are providing good service, I had some real problems with the set that I obtained. Of interesting note, Hylift-Johnson has offered to perform an autopsy on these L-951s and provide a full written report as to their findings, but here are the preliminary issues I experienced. These lifters would hammer until the motor warmed up and then would be dead quiet. No matter how they were adjusted, zero lash, one-quarter turn, one-half, three-quarters and 1 full turn, the noise persisted. When I first backed the adjustment off to one quarter turn, I told Jim Lehart that the problem was fixed, but the noise returned after 24-36 hours of sitting. After 800 miles of highway time on the new 413 Pontiac, I knew the problem wasnt going away. Oil analysis revealed wear metal numbers lower than standard for a rebuilt engine and the quiet nature of the top end when hot suggested the lobes were OK. So, as long as the engine was warm, the top end was quiet. As an experiment, I switched from Valvoline 20w50 to Valvoline 10w30 with no improvement. I tried using Bosch, Fram, WIX and AC oil filters with no improvement. Oil pressure at the filter housing and the drilled passage beneath the distributor were 30 psi/60 psi hot and both within 2-3 psi of each other at both locations - all the time. On a technical note, the rear oil galley plug is present and visible through the distributor opening and both sides of the motor oils wildly once the temps come up. The valve springs used are an Isky #5105 dual w/damper installed at 1.687 with 100 lbs seated and 265/270 lbs open. The lifters had the correct oil band location and micd out to .842 in diameter, but I knew something wasnt right. After pulling the valley pan and lifters, I found a perfect UD 231/235-110 camshaft, despite many hours of hammering when cold. The lifters also looked perfect. Out of pure curiosity, I decided to run the oil pump with the lifters installed without pushrods. To my amazement, oil would flood out of the lifter, between the plunger and body, but nothing came out of the oil hole or between the lifter body and the block!!!! It seems that the plunger/barrel clearance is excessive and is allowing the oil an "escape path" before it can get through the piddle valve and up to the top end. I can only assume, in the absence of a small enough inside mic, that this clearance is closed up, to some degree, by heat, at which time the lifter then functions normally. When I dropped in a SUM-951 lifter, it oiled wildly through the oil hole immediately. Interestingly, while poking around on the Internet, I found an old archived post about a similar problem with a Pontiac 455, which I have posted for your information and review below: "I just built a fresh 455. New Comp Cams Extreme Energy, Lifters are Comp Cams 852-16. Upon priming the oil system, no oil comes out from the new roller rockers, or even up the pushrods. I removed one lifter and replaced it with my old H-O Pontiac lifter with the snap ring retainer. On priming, that pushrod and rocker arm gets plenty of oil now......" In more recent discussions, I have had several people tell me they have replaced Comp 852s in their Pontiacs because they didnt oil correctly to the top end, a problem which disappeared when a different lifter was employed. I have also had people tell me they are very pleased with the "Hecho En Mexico" Sealed Power and Federal Moguls. Now it would seem that this is no longer a simple matter of not using an Eaton lifter, as it appears to be affecting Pontiacs en masse. I will post more data when it comes available. Caveat Emptor...Robert
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the basic concept here is that as engines are run the engine generates heat and heat expands the metal the engines built from and as the metal heats and expands that changes the valve train clearances.
now that would be fine if it was 100% consistent ,engine to engine but there are related issues due to wear, fuel octane, etc.
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a valve train in a chevy V8 is cooled and lubed by a constant but intermittent flow of oil from the lifter gallerys oil passages , thats being forced up the push rods to the rockers.
hydraulic lifters use both the engines oil pump pressure to keep them filled and the cam lobes and valve springs to fill then compress the oil flowing into the lifter to force it up the push rods.
solid lifters just use the oil pump pressure and a metered oil feed hole
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adjusting the valve train clearance, and keeping it properly adjusted for the average car owner was a P.I.T.A. with solid lifters, because most owners don,t want to hear clicking, pinging or squeaking noises from their engine.
yet they are also very unlikely to be willing to periodically re-adjust valves and change the oil and oil filter every 5000 -7000 miles without fail, so a solid lifter valve train will eventually get out of ideal adjustment much sooner that the self compensating hydraulic lifter design valve train.
hydraulic lifters have a push rod seat cup supported by a small volume of oil under that seat that takes up any valve train clearance or slack, so that there is very little if any valve train noise , that self adjusted the clearance and as the cam lobe sweeps under and lifts the push rod the lifter sliding up the cams initial feed ramp compresses the lifter seat forcing trapped oil up through the push rod too the rockers, this lubes and cools the rockers, WHILE effectively maintaining zero valve train clearance yet NOT physically binding the valve train, as theres always some (GIVE) or clearance due to the oil trapped under the lifters push rod seat if the valves are properly adjusted.
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solid lifters don,t have this designed in CUSHION or built in slack/clearance so they must be adjusted with a feeler gauge with the lifter on the cam lobe base ,circle
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theres generally the correct clearance listed on the cam spec card, by the manufacturer and it varies but will generally be in the .018-.024 range on most common Chevy solid lifter cams.
this slack allows for the engine expansion as it heats and cools and once solid lifters are properly adjusted the engine sounds a bit like a muted sewing machine , a sound most old school mechanics and racers tend to remember and appreciate!
http://garage.grumpysperformance.co...e-between-a-solid-and-hydraulic-lifter.10431/

http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/adjusting-valves.196/

http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/valve-train-clearances-and-problems.528/

http://garage.grumpysperformance.co...d-high-spring-pressures-don-t-work-well.1489/

http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/rocker-push-rod-wear-issues.9815/

http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/oil-system-mods-that-help.2187/
http://community.fortunecity.ws/silverstone/pontiac/101/tech/cams.htm

read this
http://garage.grumpysperformance.com/index.php?threads/junk-hydraulic-lifters-mystery-solved.12263/
 
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